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Iopamidol as a responsive MRI‐chemical exchange saturation transfer contrast agent for pH mapping of kidneys: In vivo studies in mice at 7 T
Author(s) -
Longo Dario Livio,
Dastrù Walter,
Digilio Giuseppe,
Keupp Jochen,
Langereis Sander,
Lanzardo Stefania,
Prestigio Simone,
Steinbach Oliver,
Terreno Enzo,
Uggeri Fulvio,
Aime Silvio
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.22608
Subject(s) - iopamidol , chemistry , in vivo , amide , contrast (vision) , saturation (graph theory) , nuclear magnetic resonance , contrast medium , biochemistry , radiology , medicine , computer science , physics , microbiology and biotechnology , mathematics , combinatorics , artificial intelligence , biology
Iopamidol (Isovue®—Bracco Diagnostic Inc.) is a clinically approved X‐Ray contrast agent used in the last 30 years for a wide variety of diagnostic applications with a very good clinical acceptance. Iopamidol contains two types of amide functionalities that can be exploited for the generation of chemical exchange saturation transfer effect. The exchange rate of the two amide proton pools is markedly pH‐dependent. Thus, a ratiometric method for pH assessment has been set‐up based on the comparison of the saturation transfer effects induced by selective irradiation of the two resonances. This ratiometric approach allows to rule out the concentration effect of the contrast agent and provides accurate pH measurements in the 5.5–7.4 range. Upon injection of Iopamidol into healthy mice, it has been possible to acquire pH maps of kidney regions. Furthermore, it has been also shown that the proposed method is able to report about pH‐changes induced in control mice fed with acidified or basified water for a period of a week before image acquisition. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.