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Mapping of redox status in a brain‐disease mouse model by three‐dimensional EPR imaging
Author(s) -
Fujii Hirotada,
SatoAkaba Hideo,
Kawanishi Katsuya,
Hirata Hiroshi
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.22598
Subject(s) - electron paramagnetic resonance , magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear magnetic resonance , chemistry , nitroxide mediated radical polymerization , oxidative stress , paramagnetism , physics , medicine , biochemistry , radical polymerization , quantum mechanics , copolymer , polymer , radiology
Electron paramagnetic resonance imaging using nitroxides is a powerful method for visualizing the redox status modulated by oxidative stress in vivo. Typically, however, data acquisition times have been too slow to obtain a sufficient number of projections for three‐dimensional images, when using continuous wave‐electron paramagnetic resonance imager in small rodents, using nitroxides with comparatively short T 2 and a half‐life values. Because of improvements in imagers that enable rapid data‐acquisition, the feasibility of three‐dimensional electron paramagnetic resonance imaging with good quality in mice was tested with nitroxides. Three‐dimensional images of mice were obtained at an interval of 15 sec under field scanning of 0.3 sec and with 46 projections in the case of strong electron paramagnetic resonance signals. Three‐dimensional electron paramagnetic resonance images of a blood brain barrier‐permeable nitroxide, 3‐hydroxymethyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidine‐1‐oxyl, in the mouse head clearly showed that 3‐hydroxymethyl‐2,2,5,5‐tetramethylpyrrolidine‐1‐oxyl was distributed within brain tissues, and this was confirmed by MRI observations. Based on the pharmacokinetics of nitroxides in mice, half‐life mapping was demonstrated in an ischemia‐reperfusion model mouse brain. Inhomogeneous half‐lives were clearly mapped pixel‐by‐pixel in mouse head under oxidative stress by the improved continuous wave‐electron paramagnetic resonance imager noninvasively. Magn Reson Med, 2010. © 2010 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.