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Absolute temperature MR imaging with thulium 1,4,7,10‐tetraazacyclododecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraacetic acid (TmDOTMA − )
Author(s) -
James Judy R.,
Gao Yong,
Miller Michael A.,
Babsky Andriy,
Bansal Navin
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.22039
Subject(s) - thulium , nuclear magnetic resonance , image resolution , gradient echo , signal (programming language) , chemistry , magnetic resonance imaging , spin echo , materials science , lanthanide , nuclear medicine , analytical chemistry (journal) , optics , physics , laser , radiology , medicine , organic chemistry , ion , chromatography , computer science , programming language
MR thermometry based on the water 1 H signal provides high temporal and spatial resolution, but it has low temperature sensitivity (∼0.01 ppm/°C) and requires monitoring of another weaker signal for absolute temperature measurements. The use of the paramagnetic lanthanide complex, thulium 1,4,7,10‐ tetraazacyclo‐dodecane‐1,4,7,10‐tetramethyl‐1,4,7,10‐tetraac‐ etate (TmDOTMA − ), which is ∼60 times more sensitive to temperature than the water 1 H signal, is advanced to image absolute temperatures in vivo using water signal as a reference. The temperature imaging technique was developed using gradient echo and asymmetric spin echo imaging sequences on 9.4 Tesla (T) horizontal and vertical MR scanners. A comparison of regional temperatures measured with TmDOTMA − and fiber‐optic probes showed that the accuracy of imaging temperature is <0.3°C. The temperature imaging technique was found to be insensitive to inhomogeneities in the main magnetic field. The feasibility of imaging temperature of intact rats at ∼1.4 mmol/kg dose with ∼1‐mm spatial resolution in only 3 min is demonstrated. TmDOTMA − should prove useful for imaging absolute temperatures in deep‐seated organs in numerous biomedical applications. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.