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Incidental magnetization transfer contrast by fat saturation preparation pulses in multislice look‐locker echo planar imaging
Author(s) -
Shin Wanyong,
Gu Hong,
Yang Yihong
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.22034
Subject(s) - attenuation , nuclear magnetic resonance , magnetization transfer , multislice , flip angle , echo planar imaging , planar , signal (programming language) , contrast (vision) , materials science , nuclear medicine , chemistry , magnetic resonance imaging , physics , optics , medicine , radiology , computer science , programming language , computer graphics (images)
In this study, it is demonstrated that fat saturation (FS) preparation (prep) pulses generate incidental magnetization transfer contrast (MTC) in multislice Look‐Locker (LL) imaging. It is shown that frequency‐selective FS prep pulses can invoke MTC through the exchange between free and motion‐restricted protons. Simulation reveals that the fractional signal loss by these MTC effects is more severe for smaller flip angles (FAs), shorter repetition times (TRs), and greater number of slices (SN). These incidental MTC effects result in a signal attenuation at a steady state (up to 30%) and a T 1 measurement bias (up to 20%) when using inversion recovery (IR) LL echo‐planar imaging (EPI) sequences. Furthermore, it is shown that water‐selective MRI using binomial pulses has the potential to minimize the signal attenuation and provide unbiased T 1 measurement without fat artifacts in MR images. Magn Reson Med, 2009. © 2009 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.