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Comparison of normal tissue R 1 and R * 2 modulation by oxygen and carbogen
Author(s) -
O'Connor James P.B.,
Naish Josephine H.,
Jackson Alan,
Waterton John C.,
Watson Yvonne,
Cheung Sue,
Buckley David L.,
McGrath Deirdre M.,
Buonaccorsi Giovanni A.,
Mills Samantha J.,
Roberts Caleb,
Jayson Gordon C.,
Parker Geoff J.M.
Publication year - 2009
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.21815
Subject(s) - carbogen , inhalation , oxygen , oxygenation , room air distribution , skeletal muscle , chemistry , spleen , kidney , medicine , anesthesia , physics , organic chemistry , thermodynamics
Magnetic resonance imaging has shown promise for evaluating tissue oxygenation. In this study differences in the tissue longitudinal relaxation rate ( R 1 ) and effective transverse relaxation rate ( R * 2 ), induced by inhalation of pure oxygen and carbogen, were evaluated in 10 healthy subjects. Significant reductions in R 1 were demonstrated following both oxygen and carbogen inhalation in the spleen (both P < 0.001), liver ( P = 0.002 air vs. oxygen; P = 0.001 air vs. carbogen), skeletal muscle (both P < 0.001), and renal cortex ( P = 0.005 air vs. oxygen; P = 0.008 air vs. carbogen). No significant change in R * 2occurred following pure oxygen in any organ. However, a significant increase in R * 2was observed in the spleen ( P < 0.001), liver ( P = 0.001), skeletal muscle ( P = 0.026), and renal cortex ( P = 0.001) following carbogen inhalation, an opposite effect to that observed in many studies of tumor pathophysiology. Changes in R 1 and R * 2were independent of the gas administration order in the spleen and skeletal muscle. These findings suggest that the R 1 and R * 2responses to hyperoxic gases are independent biomarkers of oxygen physiology. Magn Reson Med 61:75–83, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.