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Positive contrast visualization of iron oxide‐labeled stem cells using inversion‐recovery with ON‐resonant water suppression (IRON)
Author(s) -
Stuber Matthias,
Gilson Wesley D.,
Schär Michael,
Kedziorek Dorota A.,
Hofmann Lawrence V.,
Shah Saurabh,
Vonken EvertJan,
Bulte Jeff W.M.,
Kraitchman Dara L.
Publication year - 2007
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.21399
Subject(s) - magnetic resonance imaging , nuclear magnetic resonance , iron oxide , metal , superparamagnetism , saturation (graph theory) , materials science , contrast (vision) , chemistry , magnetic field , optics , magnetization , physics , radiology , medicine , mathematics , quantum mechanics , combinatorics , metallurgy
In proton magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) metallic substances lead to magnetic field distortions that often result in signal voids in the adjacent anatomic structures. Thus, metallic objects and superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO)‐labeled cells appear as hypointense artifacts that obscure the underlying anatomy. The ability to illuminate these structures with positive contrast would enhance noninvasive MR tracking of cellular therapeutics. Therefore, an MRI methodology that selectively highlights areas of metallic objects has been developed. Inversion‐recovery with ON‐resonant water suppression (IRON) employs inversion of the magnetization in conjunction with a spectrally‐selective on‐resonant saturation prepulse. If imaging is performed after these prepulses, positive signal is obtained from off‐resonant protons in close proximity to the metallic objects. The first successful use of IRON to produce positive contrast in areas of metallic spheres and SPIO‐labeled stem cells in vitro and in vivo is presented. Magn Reson Med 58:1072–1077, 2007. © 2007 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.