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x‐f choice: Reconstruction of undersampled dynamic MRI by data‐driven alias rejection applied to contrast‐enhanced angiography
Author(s) -
Malik Shaihan J.,
Schmitz Stephan,
O'Regan Declan,
Larkman David J.,
Hajnal Joseph V.
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.21008
Subject(s) - alias , contrast (vision) , dynamic contrast enhanced mri , angiography , computer science , dynamic contrast , radiology , magnetic resonance angiography , artificial intelligence , medicine , nuclear medicine , nuclear magnetic resonance , magnetic resonance imaging , physics , data mining
A technique for reconstructing dynamic undersampled MRI data, termed “ x‐f choice,” was developed and applied to dynamic contrast‐enhanced MR angiography (DCE‐MRA). Regular undersampling in k‐t space (a hybrid of k ‐space and time) creates aliasing in the conjugate x‐f space that must be resolved. When regions in the object containing fast dynamic change are sparse, as in DCE‐MRA, signal overlap caused by aliasing is often much less than the undersample factor would imply. x‐f Choice reconstruction identifies overlapping signals using a model of the full non‐aliased x‐f space that is automatically generated from the undersampled data, and applies parallel imaging (PI) to separate them. No extra reference scans are required to generate either the model or the coil sensitivity maps. At each location in the reconstructed images, g ‐factor noise amplification is compared with predicted reconstruction errors to obtain an optimized solution. Acceleration factors greater than the number of receiver coils are possible, but are limited by the sparseness of the dynamic content and the signal‐to‐noise ratio (SNR) (in DCE‐MRA the latter is dominant). Temporal fidelity was validated for up to a factor 10 speed‐up using retrospectively undersampled data from a six‐coil array. The method was tested on volunteers using fivefold prospective undersampling. Magn Reson Med, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.