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Uncovering of intracellular water in cultured cells
Author(s) -
Galons JeanPhilippe,
LopePiedrafita Silvia,
Divijak Joseph L.,
Corum Curt,
Gillies Robert J.,
Trouard Theodore P.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.20565
Subject(s) - extracellular , intracellular , nuclear magnetic resonance , relaxation (psychology) , biophysics , chemistry , magnetic resonance imaging , diffusion , gadolinium , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , chemical physics , physics , biochemistry , biology , neuroscience , medicine , radiology , thermodynamics , organic chemistry
Abstract The complexity of biologic tissues, with multiple compartments each with its own diffusion and relaxation properties, requires complex formalisms to model water signal in most magnetic resonance imaging or magnetic resonance spectroscopy experiments. In this article, we describe a magnetic susceptibility‐induced shift in the resonance frequency of extracellular water by the introduction of a gadolinium contrast agent to medium perfusing a hollow fiber bioreactor. The frequency shift of the extracellular water (+185 Hz at 9.4 T) uncovers the intracellular water and allows direct measurement of motional and relaxation properties of the intracellular space. The proposed method provides a unique tool for understanding the mechanisms underlining diffusion and relaxation in the intracellular space. Magn Reson Med 54:79–86, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.