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Suppression of lipid artifacts in amide proton transfer imaging
Author(s) -
Sun Phillip Zhe,
Zhou Jinyuan,
Sun Weiyun,
Huang Judy,
van Zijl Peter C. M.
Publication year - 2005
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.20530
Subject(s) - chemistry , amide , nuclear magnetic resonance , proton , biophysics , biochemistry , physics , biology , nuclear physics
Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging is a type of chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging in which the amide protons of cellular proteins and peptides are saturated and detected via the water resonance. To study this effect, conventional magnetization transfer and direct saturation effects in the frequency‐dependent water saturation spectrum ( z ‐spectrum) need to be removed by asymmetry analysis with respect to the water frequency offset. When using echo planar imaging, it was found that unequal pericranial fat saturation at equidistant higher and lower frequencies with respect to water leads to a lipid artifact in APT asymmetry images. It is demonstrated that a chemical‐shift‐selective refocusing pulse in combination with crusher gradients can suppress this artifact and provide high‐quality images. Magn Reson Med 54:222–225, 2005. © 2005 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.