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Measurement of brain glutamate using TE‐averaged PRESS at 3T
Author(s) -
Hurd Ralph,
Sailasuta Napapon,
Srinivasan Radhika,
Vigneron Daniel B.,
Pelletier Daniel,
Nelson Sarah J.
Publication year - 2004
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.20007
Subject(s) - glutamine , creatine , glutamate receptor , chemistry , choline , metabolite , phosphocreatine , in vivo , coefficient of variation , nuclear magnetic resonance , biochemistry , endocrinology , amino acid , energy metabolism , chromatography , biology , physics , receptor , microbiology and biotechnology
A method is introduced that provides improved in vivo spectroscopic measurements of glutamate (Glu), glutamine (Gln), choline (Cho), creatine (Cre), N‐acetyl compounds (NA tot , NAA + NAAG), and the inositols (mI and sI). It was found that at 3T, TE averaging, the f1 = 0 slice of a 2D J‐resolved spectrum, yielded unobstructed signals for Glu, Glu + Gln (Glx), mI, NA tot , Cre, and Cho. The C4 protons of Glu at 2.35 ppm, and the C2 protons of Glx at 3.75 ppm were well resolved and yielded reliable measures of Glu/Gln stasis. Apparent T 1 / T 2 values were obtained from the raw data, and metabolite tissue levels were determined relative to a readily available standard. A repeatibility error of <5%, and a coefficient of variation (CV) of <10% were observed for brain Glu levels in a study of six normal volunteers. Magn Reson Med 51:435–440, 2004. © 2004 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.