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Water dynamics in human blood via combined measurements of T 2 relaxation and diffusion in the presence of gadolinium
Author(s) -
Stanisz Greg J.,
Li Jonathan G.,
Wright Graham A.,
Henkelman R. Mark
Publication year - 1998
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.1910390209
Subject(s) - gadolinium , diffusion , relaxation (psychology) , nuclear magnetic resonance , chemistry , dynamics (music) , fick's laws of diffusion , time constant , extracellular , analytical chemistry (journal) , biological system , thermodynamics , physics , chromatography , biochemistry , psychology , social psychology , organic chemistry , acoustics , electrical engineering , engineering , biology
An analytical model of tissue relaxation and restricted diffusion in human blood is presented. The blood tissue model is composed of three different compartments: red blood cells, plasma, and macromolecular protons. The relaxation rate constants and free diffusion coefficients of intracellular and extracellular water may differ. Analytical formulas for signal loss due to relaxation and diffusion in the Carr‐Purcell Meiboom‐Gill and pulsed‐field‐gradient multispin echo experiments for this tissue model are derived. The model is fitted to the experimental data for human blood with various concentrations of Gadolinium contrast agent. The obtained model parameters are realistic. The validity and sensitivity of the model are also discussed.