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In vivo MR imaging and spectroscopy using hyperpolarized 129 Xe
Author(s) -
Wagshul Mark E.,
Button Terry M.,
Li Haifang F.,
Liang Zhengrong,
Springer Charles S.,
Zhong Kai,
Wishnia Arnold
Publication year - 1996
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.1910360203
Subject(s) - breathing , chemistry , parenchyma , nuclear magnetic resonance , in vivo , lung , intensity (physics) , phase (matter) , ventilation (architecture) , gas phase , spectroscopy , nuclear medicine , analytical chemistry (journal) , anatomy , pathology , physics , medicine , biology , optics , microbiology and biotechnology , thermodynamics , organic chemistry , quantum mechanics , chromatography
Hyperpolarized 129 Xe has been used to obtain gas phase images of mouse lung in vivo , showing distinct ventilation variation as a function of the breathing cycle. Spectra of 129 Xe in the thorax show complex structure in both the gas phase (−4 to 3 ppm) and tissue‐dissolved (190‐205 ppm) regions. The alveolar gas peak shows correlated intensity and frequency oscillations, both attributable to changes in lung volume during breathing. The two major dissolved peaks near 195‐200 ppm are attributed to lung parenchyma and to blood; they reach maximum intensity in 5‐10 s and decay with an apparent T 1 of 30 s. Another peak at 190 ppm takes 20‐30 s to reach maximum; this must represent other well‐vascularized tissue (e.g., heart and other muscles) in the thorax. The maximum integrated area of the tissue components reaches 30–80% of the maximum alveolar gas area, indicating that imaging at tissue frequencies can be achieved.