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Real time blood flow imaging by spiral scan phase velocity mapping
Author(s) -
Gatehouse P. D.,
Firmin D. N.,
Collins S.,
Longmore D. B.
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.1910310506
Subject(s) - spiral (railway) , phase (matter) , blood flow , phase imaging , flow (mathematics) , nuclear magnetic resonance , physics , radiology , medicine , mechanics , optics , mathematics , quantum mechanics , microscopy , mathematical analysis
The work describes the development of a novel sequence that uses rapid spiral k ‐space sampling, combined with phase velocity mapping, for real time flow velocity imaging. The performance of the technique is assessed on phantoms for both through‐plane and in‐plane flows. The flow measurements compared well with those measured using a bucket and stopwatch. One advantage of the technique is that flow related signal loss is minimal due to the early acquisition of the center of k ‐space data. Flow artifacts were observed for in‐plane flow and these were understood with the aid of computer simulations. In vivo studies involved cine velocity mapping in normal volunteers; aortic blood flow waveforms acquired by spiral scanning in two cardiac cycles compared well with data from a conventional gradient‐echo sequence. Potential applications of the method are demonstrated by studying the response of aortic flow to physical exercise and the real time monitoring of aortic flow during a valsalver maneuver.