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MR imaging of flow through tortuous vessels: A numerical simulation
Author(s) -
van Tyen Rem,
Saloner David,
Jou LiangDer,
Berger Stanley
Publication year - 1994
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.1910310212
Subject(s) - streamlines, streaklines, and pathlines , carotid bifurcation , nuclear magnetic resonance , pulse sequence , flow (mathematics) , flip angle , physics , blood flow , mechanics , magnetic resonance imaging , computer science , radiology , medicine , stenosis
A novel computer simulation technique is presented that allows the calculation of images from Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) studies of blood flow in realistic curving and branching two‐dimensional vessel geometries. Fluid dynamic calculations provide flow streamlines through curved or branching vessels. MR simulations generate images for specific MR pulse sequence parameters. Simulations of steady flow in carotid bifurcation and carotid siphon geometries as imaged by a standard, flow‐compensated, spoiled gradient echo sequence illustrate the major features seen in clinical time of flight MRA studies. The simulations provide insight into a number of artifacts encountered in MRA such as displacement artifacts, signal pile‐up, truncation artifacts, and intravoxel phase dispersion.