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Localized Proton NMR spectroscopy using stimulated echoes: Applications to human skeletal muscle in vivo
Author(s) -
Bruhn H.,
Frahm J.,
Gyngell M. L.,
Merboldt K. D.,
Hänicke W.,
Sauter R.
Publication year - 1991
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.1910170113
Subject(s) - in vivo , nuclear magnetic resonance , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , skeletal muscle , proton , spectroscopy , chemistry , biophysics , materials science , physics , biology , anatomy , nuclear physics , quantum mechanics , microbiology and biotechnology
Localized proton NMR spectroscopy using stimulated echoes (STEAM) has been used to study metabolites in different proximal skeletal muscles of normal volunteers at rest. Single scan water‐suppressed proton NMR spectra obtained at 1.5 and 2.0 T (Siemens Magnetom) from a 64‐ml volume‐of‐interest (VOI) yield resonances due to triglycerides, phosphocreatine plus a minor contribution from creatine, and betaines comprising carnitine and choline‐containing compounds. The observation of the pH‐dependent resonances of carnosine required multiple acquisitions and echo times as short as 20 ms. T 1 and T 2 relaxation times of muscle metabolites were obtained by varying the repetition time and echo time of the STEAM sequence, respectively. Although rather long T 2 values such as 180 ms for (phospho‐) creatine correspond to natural resonance line widths of only 2 Hz, the observed line widths of typically 10‐12 Hz are entirely determined by the short T 2 relaxation times (25‐30 ms) of the water protons used for shimming. The spectroscopic results from 24 muscle studies on 17 young male volunteers show remarkable intra‐ and interindividual differences in the absolute signal intensities of mobile lipids. Further metabolic variations were observed for the relative concentrations of betaines (by a factor of 2) and carnosine (by a factor of 3) when total creatine is assumed to be constant. © 1991 Academic Press, Inc.