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Water referencing for spectroscopic imaging
Author(s) -
Spielman Daniel,
Webb Peter,
Macovski Albert
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.1910120105
Subject(s) - voxel , a priori and a posteriori , computer science , noise (video) , algorithm , signal (programming language) , signal to noise ratio (imaging) , parametric statistics , field (mathematics) , image (mathematics) , artificial intelligence , mathematics , statistics , telecommunications , philosophy , epistemology , pure mathematics , programming language
A water referencing algorithm for addressing the spectroscopic imaging problems of low SNR and main field inhomogeneities is proposed. Using the location of the water peak from each voxel and additional a priori information results in a parametric estimation problem. Optimum estimates of the desired metabolite concentrations can then be computed and displayed in an image format. The algorithm is shown to be very stable in the presence of noise and is insensitive to B 0 inhomogeneity. A detailed error analysis as well as extensions to the basic data model are also discussed. Results from both 1 H and 31 P experiments are presented to verify the predicted good performance even with extremely low signal‐to‐noise ratio data. © 1989 Academic Press, Inc.