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Toxicity of dysprosium shift reagents in the isolated perfused rat kidney
Author(s) -
Endre Z. H.,
Allis J. L.,
Radda G. K.
Publication year - 1989
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.1910110215
Subject(s) - nephrotoxicity , chemistry , kidney , toxicity , reagent , sodium , extracellular , nuclear magnetic resonance , potassium , medicine , endocrinology , biochemistry , physics , organic chemistry
Abstract Sodium and water spectra were acquired from the isolated perfused rat kidney by using a double‐tuned probe designed to have high X nucleus sensitivity and low 1 H sensitivity. Both DyTTHA and DyPPP were used to distinguish intra‐ and extracellular 23 Na resonances before and after the onset of hypoxia. Only DyPPP was useful in separating the two compartments, with a maximal chemical shift difference produced at a concentration of 4.5 m M . Both shift reagents were nephrotoxic at concentrations under 5 m M and produced an immediate decrease in renal‐concentrating capacity and increases in fractional sodium and potassium excretion and increased renal vascular resistance. These disturbances of renal physiological parameters were accompanied by progressive broadening of the renal H 2 O resonance. 1 H NMR may be a subtle means of monitoring nephrotoxicity.