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Rapid quantitation of high‐speed flow jets
Author(s) -
Nayak Krishna S.,
Hu Bob S.,
Nishimura Dwight G.
Publication year - 2003
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.10538
Subject(s) - spiral (railway) , heartbeat , temporal resolution , stenosis , physics , flow (mathematics) , aortic valve , phase (matter) , regurgitation (circulation) , nuclear medicine , biomedical engineering , nuclear magnetic resonance , radiology , medicine , optics , mathematics , mechanics , computer science , cardiology , mathematical analysis , computer security , quantum mechanics
Flow jets containing velocities up to 5–7 m/s are common in patients with congenital defects and patients with valvular disease (stenosis and regurgitation). The quantitation of peak velocity and flow volume in these jets is clinically significant but requires specialized imaging sequences. Conventional 2DFT phase contrast sequences require lengthy acquisitions on the order of several minutes. Conventional spiral phase contrast sequences are faster, but are highly corrupted by flow artifacts at these high velocities due to phase dispersion and motion during the excitation and readout. A new prospectively gated method based on spiral phase contrast is presented, which has a sufficiently short measurement interval (<4 ms) to minimize flow artifacts, while achieving high spatial resolution (2 × 2 × 4 mm 3 ) to minimize partial volume effects, all within a single breathhold. A complete single‐slice phase contrast movie loop with 22 ms true temporal resolution is acquired in one 10‐heartbeat breathhold. Simulations indicate that this technique is capable of imaging through‐plane jets with velocities up to 10 m/s, and initial studies in aortic stenosis patients show accurate in vivo measurement of peak velocities up to 4.2 m/s (using echocardiography as a reference). Magn Reson Med 50:366–372, 2003. © 2003 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.