Premium
Orientational dependence of T 2 relaxation in articular cartilage: A microscopic MRI (μMRI) study
Author(s) -
Xia Yang,
Moody Jonathan B.,
Alhadlaq Hisham
Publication year - 2002
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in medicine
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.696
H-Index - 225
eISSN - 1522-2594
pISSN - 0740-3194
DOI - 10.1002/mrm.10216
Subject(s) - amplitude , anisotropy , isotropy , maxima , dipole , nuclear magnetic resonance , relaxation (psychology) , orientation (vector space) , molecular physics , proton , cartilage , physics , chemistry , magnetic resonance imaging , anatomy , optics , geometry , biology , medicine , art , mathematics , radiology , quantum mechanics , performance art , art history , neuroscience
The experiments reported herein are the first MRI investigations of the orientational dependence of T 2 relaxation in articular cartilage at microscopic resolution over the 360° angular space. For each of six canine cartilage specimens, 48 independent T 2 ‐weighted proton images were acquired for 12 different specimen orientations. Pixel‐wise monoexponential fits of these proton images produced 12 T 2 relaxation images, each with an in‐plane pixel resolution of 13.7 μm. Cartilage T 2 as a function of specimen orientation was shown to follow approximately the angular dependence of the nuclear dipole–dipole interaction, with local maxima at approximately 55°, 125°, 235°, and 305°. However, the relative amplitudes of the T 2 maxima deviated somewhat from those expected from the dipolar interaction. The amplitudes of these maxima also varied with tissue depth: the largest amplitudes were found in the radial zone, intermediate amplitudes were found in the superficial zone, and there was a continuous decrease in amplitude approaching the transitional zone from the superficial zone above and the radial zone below. We explain the discrepancy between the observed T 2 anisotropy and the angular dependence of the dipolar interaction by means of a simple model which considers the average of one isotropic and two anisotropic spin populations—the first being associated with “free” water, and the latter two arising from collagen‐associated waters. We show that even for the “long” T 2 components, which arise in multiple‐compartment studies of collagen‐water systems, there appears to be two subpopulations. Each has the same peak value of T 2 , but the angular dependence of one is shifted in phase by 90° relative to the other by virtue of the fact that each is associated with groups of mutually perpendicular fibrils. Magn Reson Med 48:460–469, 2002. © 2002 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.