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Gene expression profiles of vitrified in vivo derived 8‐cell stage mouse embryos detected by high density oligonucleotide microarrays
Author(s) -
Mamo Solomon,
Bodo Szilard,
Kobolak Julianna,
Polgar Zsuzsanna,
Tolgyesi Gergely,
Dinnyes Andras
Publication year - 2006
Publication title -
molecular reproduction and development
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.745
H-Index - 105
eISSN - 1098-2795
pISSN - 1040-452X
DOI - 10.1002/mrd.20588
Subject(s) - biology , gene , gene expression , microarray , embryo , dna microarray , microbiology and biotechnology , oligonucleotide , microarray analysis techniques , genetics , real time polymerase chain reaction , vitrification , gene expression profiling , candidate gene , andrology , medicine
Abstract Very little is known about the effect of vitrification on gene functions after warming. The goals of our study were to compare the gene expression patterns, and identify those most affected. For this, 8‐cell stage embryos were collected from ICR mice and vitrified with solid surface vitrification technique, while maintaining equal numbers of embryos as control. Total RNAs were extracted and two rounds of amplification were employed. Finally three micrograms of contrasting RNA samples were hybridized on the Agilent Mouse 22 K oligonucleotide slides and the results were analyzed with subsequent verification by independent real‐time PCR analyses. The two rounds of amplification with 5 ng tRNA input have yielded 15–16 µg of cRNA. The analyses of repeated hybridizations showed 20,183 genes/ESTs as common signatures, and unsupervised analysis identified 628 differentially expressed ( P < 0.01) genes. However, with at least 1.5‐fold change considerations, 183 genes were differentially expressed ( P < 0.01) out of which 107 were upregulated. The independent analysis with real‐time PCR and unamplified samples fully confirmed the results of microarray, indicating the linearity of amplification. Furthermore, this novel gene expression study for vitrified embryos identified many new candidate genes with overrepresentation in some important biological processes. Thus, it is possible to conclude that the expression pattern reflected a broad spectrum of consequences of vitrification on embryos, with most effects on metabolism, regulatory role and stress response genes and allowed the identification of new candidate marker genes for cryosurvival. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 73: 1380–1392, 2006. © 2006 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.