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NMR spectrocopy of organolithium compounds, part XXXIV: Cyclopropyllithium and lithium bromide (1:1) in diethylether/tetrahydrofuran—Identification of a fluxional mixed tetramer
Author(s) -
Eppers Oswald,
Günther Harald
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.483
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1097-458X
pISSN - 0749-1581
DOI - 10.1002/mrc.4952
Subject(s) - chemistry , tetrahydrofuran , chemical shift , lithium (medication) , lithium bromide , bromide , tetramer , dimer , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , nmr spectra database , isotopes of lithium , reaction rate constant , coupling constant , analytical chemistry (journal) , spectral line , stereochemistry , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry , kinetics , ion exchange , ion , thermodynamics , enzyme , endocrinology , heat exchanger , particle physics , quantum mechanics , medicine , physics , astronomy , solvent
Cyclopropyllithium, C 3 H 5 Li ( 1 ), was studied in the presence of one equivalent lithium bromide (LiBr) in diethylether (DEE)/tetrahydrofuran (THF) mixtures and in THF as solvents. Increasing the THF concentration in DEE/THF leads in the 6 Li NMR spectrum to a main signal (S1) at δ 0.85 (rel. to ext. LiBr/THF) and a second resonance (S2) at δ 0.26 aside from a minor component at δ 0.07. In pure THF, the ratio of these signals was 66: 28:6. 6 Li and 13 C NMR allowed to identify the main signal as belonging to a mixed dimer , 1 •LiBr, and the signal at 0.26 ppm to a fluxional mixed tetramer , 1 2 •(LiBr) 2 . 1 J ( 13 C, 6 Li) coupling constants of 11.0 and 9.8 Hz were measured at 168 K for S1 and S2, respectively, and chemical exchange between both signals was detected by 2D 6 Li, 6 Li exchange spectroscopy and analyzed by temperature‐dependent 1D 6 Li line‐shape calculations. These yielded the equilibrium constants K eq for the chemical exchange Li 4 (C 3 H 5 ) 2 Br 2 ⇌ 2 Li 2 C 3 H 5 Br. Their temperature dependence leads to van't Hoff parameters of ΔH ° = 4.6 kJ/mol, ΔS ° = 41.4 J/mol K, and ΔG ° 298 = −7.8 kJ/mol. From the rate constants k , Eyring parameters of ΔH * = 42.0 kJ/mol, ΔS * = 33.0 J/mol K, and ΔG * 298 = 32.2 kJ/mol were calculated for the forward reaction Li 4 (C 3 H 5 ) 2 Br 2 → 2 Li 2 C 3 H 5 Br and ΔH * = 37.5 kJ/mol, ΔS * = −8.4 J/mol K, and ΔG * 238 = 40.0 kJ/mol for the reverse reaction 2Li 2 C 3 H 5 Br → Li 4 (C 3 H 5 ) 2 Br 2 .