Premium
Everything you wanted to know about phase and reference frequency in one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectroscopy
Author(s) -
Sheberstov Kirill F.,
Sistaré Guardiola Eduard,
Jeannerat Damien
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.483
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1097-458X
pISSN - 0749-1581
DOI - 10.1002/mrc.4938
Subject(s) - chemistry , phase (matter) , free induction decay , nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , spectral line , relative phase , nmr spectra database , nuclear magnetic resonance , magnetization , spectroscopy , pulse (music) , two dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy , pulse sequence , resonance (particle physics) , computational physics , atomic physics , optics , physics , magnetic resonance imaging , quantum mechanics , magnetic field , spin echo , medicine , organic chemistry , detector , stereochemistry , radiology
The fundamental concept of phase discussed in this tutorial aimed at providing students with an explanation of the delays and processing parameters they may find in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse programs. We consider the phase of radio‐frequency pulses, receiver, and magnetization and how all these parameters are related to phases and offsets of signals in spectra. The impact of the off‐resonance effect on the phase of the magnetization is discussed before presenting an overview of how adjustment of the time reference of the free induction decay avoids first‐order correction of the phase of spectra. The main objective of this tutorial is to show how the relative phase of a pulse and the receiver can be used to change the reference frequency along direct and indirect dimensions of NMR experiments. Unusual of phase incrementation with non‐90° angles will be illustrated on one‐ and two‐dimensional NMR spectra.