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HR‐MAS NMR metabolomics of ‘Swingle’ citrumelo rootstock genetically modified to overproduce proline
Author(s) -
Oliveira Caroline S.,
Carlos Eduardo F.,
Vieira Luiz G. E.,
Lião Luciano M.,
Alcantara Glaucia B.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
magnetic resonance in chemistry
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.483
H-Index - 72
eISSN - 1097-458X
pISSN - 0749-1581
DOI - 10.1002/mrc.4082
Subject(s) - rootstock , proline , chemistry , sucrose , metabolomics , genetically modified crops , proline dehydrogenase , transgene , biochemistry , horticulture , botany , gene , amino acid , biology , chromatography
The accumulation of proline is a typical physiological response to abiotic stresses in higher plants. ‘Swingle’ citrumelo, an important rootstock for citrus production, has been modified with a mutated Δ 1 ‐pyrroline‐5‐carboxylate synthetase gene ( VaP5CSF129A ) linked to the cauliflower mosaic virus 35S promoter to induce the overproduction of free proline. This paper presents a comparative metabolomic study of nontransgenic versus transgenic ‘Swingle’ citrumelo plants with high endogenous proline. 1 H high‐resolution magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and multivariate analysis showed significant differences in some metabolites between the nontransgenic and transgenic leaves and roots. The overproduction of proline has reduced the sucrose content in transgenic leaves, revealing a metabolic cost for these plants. In roots, the high level of free proline acts for the adjustment of cation–anion balance, causing the reduction of acetic acid content. The same sucrose level in roots indicates that they can be considered as sucrose sink. Similar behavior may be waited for fruits produced on transgenic rootstock. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.