Open AccessHow specific is the association of two disorders with respect to the association with a third disorder?
Author(s) -
Höfler Michael
Publication year - 1999
Publication title -
international journal of methods in psychiatric research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.275
H-Index - 73
eISSN - 1557-0657
pISSN - 1049-8931
DOI - 10.1002/mpr.67
Subject(s) - association (psychology) , confounding , comorbidity , psychology , logistic regression , generalized anxiety disorder , inference , anxiety , psychiatric epidemiology , epidemiology , clinical psychology , psychiatry , medicine , mental health , philosophy , epistemology , psychotherapist
A common problem in psychiatric epidemiology is that of finding appropriate statistical methods to determine the specificity of an association of two disorders (A and B), when disorder A is also associated with a third disorder C. This paper discusses this problem, which is particularly frequent in mental disorders due to substantial comorbidity between disorders. It is suggested that a measure of specificity of association (MSA) can be applied to address this problem. By building on mutually exclusive categories, classes, this measure indicates a high specificity of association A–B whenever two conditions are fulfilled: (a) there is a considerable difference in strength of association of A with pure B (not C) on the one hand and A with pure C (not B) on the other hand, and (b) the association of A with comorbid cases (cases that have both disorders B and C) is at least not stronger than the association of A with pure B cases. The measure is based on a logistic regression model with the probability of having disorder A as the outcome and mutually exclusive categories of B and C as explanatories as well as possibly other confounding variables. Statistical inference in MSA is based on a bias‐corrected bootstrap confidence interval. This paper exemplifies the use of this measure with an example from a longitudinal prospective study on the relationship of nicotine dependence with ‘affective’ and ‘anxiety’ disorders. Copyright © 1999 Whurr Publishers Ltd.