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Correction for volume recombination in liquid ionization chambers at high dose‐per‐pulse
Author(s) -
Gotz Malte,
Ka Leonhard,
Tölli Heikki,
Pawelke Jörg
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
medical physics
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.473
H-Index - 180
eISSN - 2473-4209
pISSN - 0094-2405
DOI - 10.1002/mp.13600
Subject(s) - ionization , tetramethylsilane , ionization chamber , atomic physics , materials science , pulse duration , electron , faraday cup , dosimetry , saturation (graph theory) , pulse (music) , cathode ray , computational physics , beam (structure) , physics , optics , nuclear magnetic resonance , ion , nuclear physics , nuclear medicine , laser , ion beam , mathematics , medicine , quantum mechanics , combinatorics , detector
Purpose To determine the volume recombination at high dose‐per‐pulse in liquid ionization chambers (LIC) and to ascertain whether existing calculation methods verified in air‐filled chambers may be used to calculate a correction factor. Methods Two LICs, one filled with 2,2,4‐trimethylpentane (isooctane) the other with tetramethylsilane (TMS), were irradiated in a pulsed, 20 MeV electron beam. Via reference measurements with a Faraday cup, the saturation correction for volume recombination was determined for dose‐per‐pulse values ranging from about 5 mGy to 1 Gy for both chambers at a pulse duration of 693 ns. In addition, the isooctane chamber was irradiated with pulses of varying duration, ranging from 5 ps to 10 ms, at a dose‐per‐pulse of about 76.5 mGy. The dose‐per‐pulse‐dependent measurements were compared to calculations based on Boag's models (with and without a free electron fraction), the two‐dose‐rate method, and a numerical calculation. The pulse duration dependent measurements were compared only to a numerical calculation that iteratively calculates the charge transport and loss in a 1D model of an ionization chamber. Results In TMS only Boag's model with a free electron fraction and the numerical calculation are in good agreement with the experimental data. However, in isooctane, good agreement is observed between the experimental data, the numerical calculation as well as the two‐dose‐rate method, and Boag's model including a free electron fraction. Only Boag's model without a free electron fraction shows a good agreement with lesser extend. Furthermore, the pulse duration‐dependent data for isooctane are well described by the numerical model. Conclusion With isooctane as an active medium, a LIC could be directly used in a field with high dose‐per‐pulse utilizing the well‐established two‐dose‐rate method to correct the volume recombination. In addition, pulsed fields with variable pulse duration are easily modeled for this medium using a numerical calculation. Other media, as exemplified by the TMS‐filled chamber, might require additional considerations, such as including a fraction of free electrons in the consideration of volume recombination.