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Implementation of inkjet‐printed 3 dB coupler with equal power division and 45° output phase difference
Author(s) -
Babale S.A.,
Rahim S.K.A.,
Himdi M.,
Lawan S.H.,
Sani F.D.,
Usman A.D.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
microwave and optical technology letters
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.304
H-Index - 76
eISSN - 1098-2760
pISSN - 0895-2477
DOI - 10.1002/mop.32714
Subject(s) - phase difference , hybrid coupler , return loss , phase (matter) , center frequency , bandwidth (computing) , materials science , beamforming , power (physics) , power dividers and directional couplers , true time delay , electrical engineering , computer science , electronic engineering , antenna (radio) , telecommunications , phased array , engineering , physics , band pass filter , quantum mechanics
Implementation of a 3 dB coupler with flexible phase difference was presented in this paper. The coupler has equal power division and output phase difference of 45° as against the conventional coupler. It has advantage in many applications that require phase delay like phased antenna array, and beamforming network without necessarily requiring additional phase shifters. It was designed and implemented using the instant inkjet printing technique on a transparent Polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate specially coated with resin. The coupler's response shows very good return loss and isolation of −28 and −48 dB , respectively. A bandwidth of 31.33% was achieved around the center frequency. However, an output phase difference of 45° was recorded with a slight phase variation of about ±1° within the specified bandwidth.