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Impact of Extreme Obesity and Diet‐Induced Weight Loss on the Fecal Metabolome and Gut Microbiota
Author(s) -
Nogacka Alicja M.,
los ReyesGavilán Clara G.,
MartínezFaedo Ceferino,
RuasMadiedo Patricia,
Suarez Adolfo,
Mancabelli Leonardo,
Ventura Marco,
Cifuentes Alejandro,
León Carlos,
Gueimonde Miguel,
Salazar Nuria
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.202000030
Subject(s) - metabolome , gut flora , feces , weight loss , biology , metabolomics , obesity , microbiome , physiology , medicine , endocrinology , microbiology and biotechnology , immunology , bioinformatics
Scope A limited number of human studies have characterized fecal microbiota and metabolome in extreme obesity and after diet‐induced weight loss. Methods and results Fecal samples from normal‐weight and extremely obese adults and from obese participants before and after moderate diet‐induced weight loss are evaluated for their interaction with the intestinal adenocarcinoma cell line HT29 using an impedance‐based in vitro model, which reveals variations in the interaction between the gut microbiota and host linked to obesity status. Microbiota composition, short chain fatty acids, and other intestinal metabolites are further analyzed to assess the interplay among diet, gut microbiota, and host in extreme obesity. Microbiota profiles are distinct between normal‐weight and obese participants and are accompanied by fecal signatures in the metabolism of biliary compounds and catecholamines. Moderate diet‐induced weight loss promotes shifts in the gut microbiota, and the primary fecal metabolomics features are associated with diet and the gut–liver and gut–brain axes. Conclusions Analyses of the fecal microbiota and metabolome enable assessment of the impact of diet on gut microbiota composition and activity, supporting the potential use of certain fecal metabolites or members of the gut microbiota as biomarkers for the efficacy of weight loss in extreme obesity.