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Flavonoid‐Derived Human Phenyl‐γ‐Valerolactone Metabolites Selectively Detoxify Amyloid‐β Oligomers and Prevent Memory Impairment in a Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease
Author(s) -
Ruotolo Roberta,
Minato Ilaria,
La Vitola Pietro,
Artioli Luisa,
Curti Claudio,
Franceschi Valentina,
Brindani Nicoletta,
Amidani Davide,
Colombo Laura,
Salmona Mario,
Forloni Gianluigi,
Donofrio Gaetano,
Balducci Claudia,
Del Rio Daniele,
Ottonello Simone
Publication year - 2020
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201900890
Subject(s) - oligomer , chemistry , metabolite , pharmacology , amyloid (mycology) , biochemistry , cytotoxicity , flavonoid , neurotoxicity , toxicity , in vitro , biology , antioxidant , inorganic chemistry , organic chemistry
Scope Amyloid‐β oligomers (AβO) are causally related to Alzheimer's disease (AD). Dietary natural compounds, especially flavonoids and flavan‐3‐ols, hold great promise as potential AD‐preventive agents but their host and gut microbiota metabolism complicates identification of the most relevant bioactive species. This study aims to investigate the ability of a comprehensive set of phenyl‐γ‐valerolactones (PVL), the main circulating metabolites of flavan‐3‐ols and related dietary compounds in humans, to prevent AβO‐mediated toxicity. Methods and results The anti‐AβO activity of PVLs is examined in different cell model systems using a highly toxic β‐oligomer‐forming polypeptide (β23) as target toxicant. Multiple PVLs, and particularly the monohydroxylated 5‐(4′‐hydroxyphenyl)‐γ‐valerolactone metabolite [(4′‐OH)‐PVL], relieve β‐oligomer‐induced cytotoxicity in yeast and mammalian cells. As revealed by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and other in vitro assays, (4′‐OH)‐PVL interferes with AβO (but not fibril) assembly and actively remodels preformed AβOs into nontoxic amorphous aggregates. In keeping with the latter mode of action, treatment of AβOs with (4′‐OH)‐PVL prior to brain injection strongly reduces memory deterioration as well as neuroinflammation in a mouse model of AβO‐induced memory impairment. Conclusion PVLs, which have been validated as biomarkers of the dietary intake of flavan‐3‐ols, lend themselves as novel AβO‐selective, candidate AD‐preventing compounds.