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Implication of the Gut Microbiota in Metabolic Inflammation Associated with Nutritional Disorders and Obesity
Author(s) -
Rodriguez Julie,
Olivares Marta,
Delzenne Nathalie M.
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201900481
Subject(s) - gut flora , inflammation , biology , systemic inflammation , obesity , metabolic syndrome , immunology , bioinformatics , endocrinology
Scope More than a decade ago, the concept of “metabolic endotoxemia” is elaborated on the fact that some bacterial components, classified as microbial associated membrane pathogens (MAMPs) can pass through the gut barrier and create a systemic low tone inflammation. Methods and results The translocation of lipopolysaccharides and its contribution to systemic inflammation are largely studied in murine models of obesity, allowing to unravel the molecular pathways involved in the process. Many different pathological contexts evoke the loss of gut barrier as an event contributing to inflammation and thereby driving metabolic and behavioral alterations. Conclusion This review describes the role of nutrition as a modulator of metabolic regulation and focuses on the contribution of the gut microbiota in the process of the production of a large diversity of bioactive metabolites. The two first sections of the review will be dedicated to the impact of nutritional disorders on both the gut microbiota composition and on metabolic inflammation. The last and more prominent section will describe the role of different nutrient‐derived gut metabolites on the gut barrier integrity, metabolic inflammation, and peripheral tissue alterations during obesity or associated complications.