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Comprehensive Profiling of the Circulatory miRNAome Response to a High Protein Diet in Elderly Men: A Potential Role in Inflammatory Response Modulation
Author(s) -
Ramzan Farha,
Mitchell Cameron J.,
Milan Amber M.,
Schierding William,
Zeng Nina,
Sharma Pankaja,
Mitchell Sarah M.,
D'Souza Randall F.,
Knowles Scott O.,
Roy Nicole C.,
Sjödin Anders,
Wagner KarlHeinz,
CameronSmith David
Publication year - 2019
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201800811
Subject(s) - microrna , downregulation and upregulation , immune system , biology , inflammation , peripheral blood mononuclear cell , gene expression , transcriptome , gene expression profiling , in silico , medicine , regulation of gene expression , endocrinology , gene , immunology , genetics , in vitro
Scope MicroRNA are critical to the coordinated post‐transcriptional regulation of gene expression, yet few studies have addressed the influence of habitual diet on microRNA expression. High protein diets impact cardiometabolic health and body composition in the elderly suggesting the possibility of a complex systems response. Therefore, high‐throughput small RNA sequencing technology is applied in response to doubling the protein recommended dietary allowance (RDA) over 10 weeks in older men to examine alterations in circulating miRNAome. Methods and Results Older men ( n = 31; 74.1 ± 0.6 y) are randomized to consume either RDA (0.8 g kg −1 day −1 ) or 2RDA (1.6 g kg −1 day −1 ) of protein for 10 weeks. Downregulation of five microRNAs (miR‐125b‐5p, ‐100‐5p, ‐99a‐5p, ‐23b‐3p, and ‐203a) is observed following 2RDA with no changes in the RDA. In silico functional analysis highlights target gene enrichment in inflammation‐related pathways. qPCR quantification of predicted inflammatory genes ( TNFα , IL‐8 , IL‐6 , pTEN , PPP1CB , and HOXA1 ) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells shows increased expression following 2RDA diet ( p ≤ 0.05). Conclusion The study findings suggest a possible selective alteration in the post‐transcriptional regulation of the immune system following a high protein diet. However, very few microRNAs are altered despite a large change in the dietary protein.