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Flaxseed Oil Attenuates Intestinal Damage and Inflammation by Regulating Necroptosis and TLR4/NOD Signaling Pathways Following Lipopolysaccharide Challenge in a Piglet Model
Author(s) -
Zhu Huiling,
Wang Haibo,
Wang Shuhui,
Tu Zhixiao,
Zhang Lin,
Wang Xiuying,
Hou Yongqing,
Wang Chunwei,
Chen Jie,
Liu Yulan
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201700814
Subject(s) - tlr4 , docosahexaenoic acid , polyunsaturated fatty acid , lipopolysaccharide , lipopolysaccharide binding protein , necroptosis , chemistry , nod , eicosapentaenoic acid , biology , biochemistry , receptor , endocrinology , fatty acid , cd14 , apoptosis , programmed cell death , gene
Scope Flaxseed oil is a rich source of α‐linolenic acid (ALA), which is the precursor of the long‐chain n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This study investigates the protective effect of flaxseed oil against intestinal injury induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Materials and results Twenty‐four weaned pigs were used in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment with dietary treatment (5% corn oil vs 5% flaxseed oil) and LPS challenge (saline vs LPS). On day 21 of the experiment, pigs were administrated with LPS or saline. At 2 h and 4 h post‐administration, blood samples were collected. After the blood harvest at 4 h, all piglets were slaughtered and intestinal samples were collected. Flaxseed oil supplementation led to the enrichment of ALA, EPA, and total n‐3 PUFAs in intestine. Flaxseed oil improved intestinal morphology, jejunal lactase activity, and claudin‐1 protein expression. Flaxseed oil downregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal necroptotic signals. Flaxseed oil also downregulated the mRNA expression of intestinal toll‐like receptors 4 (TLR4) and its downstream signals myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88), nuclear factor kappa B (NF−κB), and nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain proteins 1, 2 (NOD1, NOD2) and its adapter molecule, receptor‐interacting protein kinase 2 (RIPK2). Conclusion These results suggest that dietary addition of flaxseed oil enhances intestinal integrity and barrier function, which is involved in modulating necroptosis and TLR4/NOD signaling pathways.