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Obesity Impairs Oligopeptide/Amino Acid‐Induced Ghrelin Release and Smooth Muscle Contractions in the Human Proximal Stomach
Author(s) -
Vancleef Laurien,
Thijs Theo,
Baert Florence,
Ceulemans Laurens J.,
Canovai Emilio,
Wang Qiaoling,
Steensels Sandra,
Segers Anneleen,
Farré Ricard,
Pirenne Jacques,
Lannoo Matthias,
Tack Jan,
Depoortere Inge
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201700804
Subject(s) - ghrelin , umami , medicine , endocrinology , receptor , stomach , chemistry , enteroendocrine cell , taste , biology , biochemistry , endocrine system , hormone
Scope The satiation properties of proteins involve effects on gut peptide release and gastrointestinal motility which may be altered during obesity. This study compares the in vitro response and role of amino acid (AA) taste receptors (TASR) in the effect of AAs and a casein hydrolysate on ghrelin release and smooth muscle (SM) contractions in the proximal gut of lean and obese patients. Methods and results Basal ghrelin release, measured from mucosal segments, is maximal in the fundus and decreased distally. Obesity selectively impaires the stimulatory effect of a casein hydrolyaste on ghrelin release in the fundus but does not affect its inhibitory effect in the small intestine (SI). The SM contractions induced by a casein hydrolysate and AAs are stronger in strips from the SI than from the fundus but are reduced in the stomach of obese patients. The region‐dependent expression of AA‐TASRs in the mucosa and SM layer is affected by obesity. Most of the AA‐induced responses are reduced by the umami antagonist, lactisole. l ‐Met‐induced responses involve bitter taste receptors. Conclusion Region‐specific targeting of AA taste receptors on both enteroendocrine and SM cells with specific AA‐enriched diets might be a useful strategy to combat obesity as well as hypomotility disorders.