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Antimicrobial Emulsifier–Glycerol Monolaurate Induces Metabolic Syndrome, Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis, and Systemic Low‐Grade Inflammation in Low‐Fat Diet Fed Mice
Author(s) -
Jiang Zengliang,
Zhao Minjie,
Zhang Hui,
Li Yang,
Liu Mengyun,
Feng Fengqin
Publication year - 2018
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201700547
Subject(s) - dysbiosis , gut flora , metabolic syndrome , akkermansia muciniphila , systemic inflammation , inflammation , akkermansia , microbiome , biology , lipid metabolism , endocrinology , medicine , microbiology and biotechnology , obesity , food science , immunology , lactobacillus , fermentation , bioinformatics
Scope Glycerol monolaurate (GML) is widely consumed worldwide in the food industry and is considered safe, but for chronic diseases, supporting scientific data remain sparse. This study investigates whether dietary GML induces metabolic syndrome, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and systemic low‐grade inflammation. Methods and results GML‐induced occurrence of metabolic syndrome, gut microbiota alterations, and systemic low‐grade inflammation are investigated. The results demonstrate that GML induced metabolic syndrome by significantly increasing the body weight, weight gain, food intake, body fat, fat droplet size and percentage of epididymal fat, serum triglycerides (TG), LDL, and atherogenic index, and decreasing the body muscle ratio, liver weight, and HDL, compared to the control (CON) group. Meanwhile, GML significantly changed the β‐diversity and composition of gut microbiota and upregulated the circulating levels of serum LPS, IL‐1β, IL‐6, and TNF‐α. Importantly, GML significantly decreased Akkermansia muciniphila and Lupinus luteus , and increased Bacteroides acidifaciens , Escherichia coli and the microbial DNA abundance of the ten predicated metabolism pathways involved in carbohydrate, amino acid, and lipid metabolism. Conclusion Our results indicate that relatively low‐dose GML consumption promotes metabolic syndrome, gut microbiota dysbiosis, and systemic low‐grade inflammation, thereby calling for a reassessment of GML usage.