Premium
Effect of apple polyphenols on vascular oxidative stress and endothelium function: a translational study
Author(s) -
Cicero Arrigo F.G.,
Caliceti Cristiana,
Fogacci Federica,
Giovannini Marina,
Calabria Donato,
Colletti Alessandro,
Veronesi Maddalena,
Roda Aldo,
Borghi Claudio
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201700373
Subject(s) - uric acid , xanthine oxidase , oxidative stress , placebo , medicine , pharmacology , in vivo , endothelium , endothelial dysfunction , chemistry , endocrinology , biochemistry , enzyme , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , pathology , alternative medicine
Scope We aimed examining apple polyphenols’ effect on uricemia and endothelial function in a sample of overweight subjects. Methods and results This was a two‐phased study. In vitro experiment aimed to evaluate apple polyphenols’ ability to lower uric acid in comparison with allopurinol. In vivo study consisted in a randomized, double‐blind, parallel placebo‐controlled clinical trial involving 62 overweight volunteers with suboptimal values of fasting plasma glucose (100 mg/dL≤FPG≤125 mg/dL), randomized to 300 mg apple polyphenols or placebo for 8 weeks. Apple polyphenols extract inhibited xanthine oxidase activity, with an IC50 = 130 ± 30 ng/mL; reducing uric acid production with an IC50 = 154 ± 28 ng/mL. During the trial, after the first 4 weeks of treatment, FPG decreased in the active treated group (−6.1%, p < 0.05), while no significant changes were observed regarding the other hematochemistry parameters. After 4 more weeks of treatment, active‐treated patients had an improvement in FPG compared to baseline (−10.3%, p < 0,001) and the placebo group ( p < 0,001). Uric acid (−14.0%, p < 0.05 versus baseline; p < 0.05 versus placebo) and endothelial reactivity (0.24±0.09, p = 0.009 versus baseline; p < 0.05 versus placebo) significantly improved too. Conclusion In vivo, apple polyphenols extract has a positive effect on vascular oxidative stress and endothelium function and reduce FPG and uric acid by inhibiting xanthine oxidase, as our In vitro experiment attests.