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Demonstration of the utility of biomarkers for dietary intake assessment; proline betaine as an example
Author(s) -
Gibbons Helena,
Michielsen Charlotte J. R.,
Rundle Milena,
Frost Gary,
McNulty Breige A.,
Nugent Anne P.,
Walton Janette,
Flynn Albert,
Gibney Michael J.,
Brennan Lorraine
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201700037
Subject(s) - orange juice , cohort , betaine , food intake , food science , urine , zoology , medicine , chemistry , biology , biochemistry
Scope There is a dearth of studies demonstrating the use of dietary biomarkers for determination of food intake. The objective of this study was to develop calibration curves for use in quantifying citrus intakes in an independent cohort. Methods and results Participants ( n  = 50) from the NutriTech food‐intake study consumed standardized breakfasts for three consecutive days over three consecutive weeks. Orange juice intake decreased over the weeks. Urine samples were analyzed by NMR‐spectroscopy and proline betaine was quantified and normalized to osmolality. Calibration curves were developed and used to predict citrus intake in an independent cohort; the Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) ( n  = 565). Proline betaine displayed a dose‐response relationship to orange juice intake in 24 h and fasting samples ( p  < 0.001). In a test set, predicted orange juice intakes displayed excellent agreement with true intake. There were significant associations between predicted intake measured in 24 h and fasting samples and true intake ( r = 0.710–0.919). Citrus intakes predicted for the NANS cohort demonstrated good agreement with self‐reported intake and this agreement improved following normalization to osmolality. Conclusion The developed calibration curves successfully predicted citrus intakes in an independent cohort. Expansion of this approach to other foods will be important for the development of objective intake measurements.

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