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The Mediterranean Diet decreases LDL atherogenicity in high cardiovascular risk individuals: a randomized controlled trial
Author(s) -
Hernáez Álvaro,
Castañer Olga,
Goday Alberto,
Ros Emilio,
Pintó Xavier,
Estruch Ramón,
SalasSalvadó Jordi,
Corella Dolores,
Arós Fernando,
SerraMajem Lluis,
MartínezGonzález Miguel Ángel,
Fiol Miquel,
Lapetra José,
la Torre Rafael,
LópezSabater M. Carmen,
Fitó Montserrat
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201601015
Subject(s) - mediterranean diet , cholesterol , medicine , antioxidant , olive oil , food science , endocrinology , chemistry , biochemistry
Scope Traditional Mediterranean diet (TMD) protects against cardiovascular disease through several mechanisms such as decreasing LDL cholesterol levels. However, evidence regarding TMD effects on LDL atherogenic traits (resistance against oxidation, size, composition, cytotoxicity) is scarce. Methods and results We assessed the effects of a 1‐year intervention with a TMD on LDL atherogenic traits in a random sub‐sample of individuals from the PREDIMED study ( N = 210). We compared two TMDs: one enriched with virgin olive oil (TMD‐VOO, N = 71) and another with nuts (TMD‐Nuts, N = 68), versus a low‐fat control diet ( N = 71). After the TMD‐VOO intervention, LDL resistance against oxidation increased (+6.46%, p = 0.007), the degree of LDL oxidative modifications decreased (−36.3%, p <0.05), estimated LDL particle size augmented (+3.06%, p = 0.021), and LDL particles became cholesterol‐rich (+2.41% p = 0.013) relative to the low‐fat control diet. LDL lipoproteins became less cytotoxic for macrophages only relative to baseline (−13.4%, p = 0.019). No significant effects of the TMD‐Nuts intervention on LDL traits were observed versus the control diet. Conclusion Adherence to a TMD, particularly when enriched with virgin olive oil, decreased LDL atherogenicity in high cardiovascular risk individuals. The development of less atherogenic LDLs could contribute to explaining some of the cardioprotective benefits of this dietary pattern.