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Absence of intestinal microbiota increases ß‐cyclodextrin stimulated reverse cholesterol transport
Author(s) -
Mistry Rima H.,
Verkade Henkjan J.,
Tietge Uwe J.F.
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201600674
Subject(s) - cholesterol , excretion , medicine , endocrinology , sterol , bile acid , reverse cholesterol transport , feces , metabolism , chemistry , lipid metabolism , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , lipoprotein
Scope Non‐digestible oligosaccharides are used as prebiotics for perceived health benefits, among these modulating lipid metabolism. However, the mechanisms of action are incompletely understood. The present study characterized the impact of dietary ß‐cyclodextrin (ßCD, 10%, w/w), a cyclic oligosaccharide, on sterol metabolism and reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) in conventional and also germ‐free mice to establish dependency on metabolism by intestinal bacteria. Methods and Results In conventional ßCD‐fed C57BL/6J wild‐type mice plasma cholesterol decreased significantly (−40%, p < 0.05), largely within HDL, while fecal neutral sterol excretion increased (3‐fold, p < 0.01) and fecal bile acid excretion was unchanged. Hepatic cholesterol levels and biliary cholesterol secretion were unaltered. Changes in cholesterol metabolism translated into increased macrophage‐to‐feces RCT in ßCD‐administered mice (1.5‐fold, p < 0.05). In germ‐free C57BL/6J mice ßCD similarly lowered plasma cholesterol (−40%, p < 0.05). However, ßCD increased fecal neutral sterol excretion (7.5‐fold, p < 0.01), bile acid excretion (2‐fold, p < 0.05) and RCT (2.5‐fold, p < 0.01) even more substantially in germ‐free mice compared with the effect in conventional mice. Conclusion In summary, this study demonstrates that ßCD lowers plasma cholesterol levels and increases fecal cholesterol excretion from a RCT‐relevant pool. Intestinal bacteria decrease the impact of ßCD on RCT. These data suggest that dietary ßCD might have cardiovascular health benefits.