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Mediterranean diet–gene interactions: A targeted metabolomics study in Greek‐Cypriot women
Author(s) -
Kakkoura Maria G.,
Sokratous Kleitos,
Demetriou Christiana A.,
Loizidou Maria A.,
Loucaides Giorgos,
Kakouri Eleni,
Hadjisavvas Andreas,
Kyriacou Kyriacos
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201600558
Subject(s) - methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase , medicine , genetics , gstp1 , endocrinology , glutathione , biology , genotype , gene , biochemistry , enzyme
Scope A high adherence to the Mediterranean diet (MD) was previously associated with a decreased risk of breast cancer (BC) among Greek‐Cypriot women. Additionally, particular polymorphisms were shown to modulate this MD‐BC association. Herein, we aimed to investigate the effect of polymorphisms–MD interactions on the levels of specific metabolites that could be related to dietary adherence or enzymatic activity, which is itself modulated by polymorphisms. Methods and results Greek‐Cypriot women who were BC controls and had the lowest or the highest MD adherence (vegetables, fruit, legumes, fish) as assessed by principal component analysis ( n = 564) were included. Participants were previously genotyped for nine polymorphisms of the one‐carbon metabolism, oxidative stress, and xenobiotic metabolism. The serum levels of 14 metabolites that are key players in the aforementioned pathways were measured by UPLC‐MS/MS. ANCOVA was used to assess polymorphism–MD interactions on metabolites’ levels within a multivariate linear regression model. Statistically significant interactions between GSTM1 (where GST is glutathione S ‐transferase) deletion polymorphism and MD on flavin mononucleotide and on 5‐methyltetrahydrofolate (5‐MTHF) concentrations were observed. The MTHFR rs1801133 interacted significantly with MD on 5‐MTHF concentration. Conclusion Serum levels of flavin mononucleotide and 5‐MTHF were shown to be influenced by interactions between GSTM1 deletion or MTHFR (rs1801133) polymorphisms and a dietary pattern, characteristic of MD.