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Association between the dietary inflammatory index and breast cancer in a large Italian case–control study
Author(s) -
Shivappa Nitin,
Hébert James R.,
Rosato Valentina,
Montella Maurizio,
Serraino Diego,
Vecchia Carlo
Publication year - 2017
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201600500
Subject(s) - medicine , odds ratio , breast cancer , confidence interval , case control study , logistic regression , cancer , body mass index , family history , oncology , gynecology
The putative relationship between diet, including its inflammatory potential, and breast cancer has been studied extensively, but results remain inconsistent. Using data from a large Italian case–control study conducted between 1991 and 1994, we examined the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII) and odds of breast cancer. Methods DII scores were computed using a validated 78‐item food frequency questionnaire. Subjects were 2569 women with incident, histologically confirmed breast cancer and 2588 controls admitted to hospital for acute, non‐hormone‐related diseases. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) based on continuous and quintiles of DII were estimated by multiple logistic regression adjusting for age, study center, education, BMI, parity, menopausal status, family history of hormone‐related cancers, and total energy intake. Results Women in quintiles 2, 3, 4 and 5 had ORs of breast cancer of 1.33 (95% CI: 1.11, 1.59), 1.37 (95% CI: 1.13, 1.66), 1.41 (95% CI: 1.15, 1.73), and 1.75 (95% CI: 1.39, 2.21), respectively, compared to women in quintile 1. One‐unit increase in DII increased the odds of having breast cancer by 9% (95% CI: 1.05, 1.14). Conclusions A pro‐inflammatory diet is associated to increased risk of breast cancer.