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Phenethyl isothiocyanate and indole‐3‐carbinol from cruciferous vegetables, but not furanocoumarins from apiaceous vegetables, reduced PhIP‐induced DNA adducts in Wistar rats
Author(s) -
Kim Jae Kyeom,
Gallaher Daniel D.,
Chen Chi,
Gallaher Cynthia M.,
Yao Dan,
Trudo Sabrina P.
Publication year - 2016
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201500790
Subject(s) - cruciferous vegetables , chemistry , cyp1a2 , phenethyl isothiocyanate , metabolite , isothiocyanate , sulfotransferase , anticarcinogen , heterocyclic amine , dna adduct , biochemistry , cytochrome p450 , carcinogen , glucosinolate , metabolism , enzyme , medicine , carcinogenesis , biology , cancer , botany , brassica , gene
Scope We previously showed that apiaceous but not cruciferous vegetables reduced DNA adducts formed by 2‐amino‐1‐methyl‐6‐phenylimidazo[4, 5‐b]pyridine (PhIP) in rats. Here, we report the effects of the putative chemopreventive phytochemicals from these vegetables on PhIP metabolism and DNA adduct formation. Methods and results Rats received three supplemented diets: P + I (phenethyl isothiocyanate and indole‐3‐carbinol), furanocoumarins (FC, 5‐methoxypsoralen, 8‐methoxypsoralen, and isopimpinellin), and combination (P + I and FC). Phytochemical supplementation matched the levels in vegetables fed in our previous study. After 6 days, rats were injected with PhIP (10 mg/kg body wt) and killed after 24‐h urine collection. Compared to the control, P + I increased activity of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 1A1 (10.1‐fold), CYP1A2 (3.62‐fold), and sulfotransferase 1A1 (2.70‐fold). The combination diet also increased CYP1A1 and CYP1A2 activity. Urinary metabolomics revealed that PhIP metabolite profiles generally agreed with biotransformation enzyme activities. P + I and combination diets reduced PhIP‐DNA adducts by 43.5 and 24.1%, respectively, whereas FC had no effect on adducts, compared to the control diet. Conclusion Effects of phytochemicals on metabolic outcomes and markers of carcinogenesis might differ from fresh vegetables, thus limiting the inferences that one can draw from the effects of purified phytochemicals on the health benefits of the vegetables from which they derive.