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Plasma bioavailability and regional brain distribution of polyphenols from apple/grape seed and bilberry extracts in a young swine model
Author(s) -
Chen TzuYing,
Kritchevsky Janice,
Hargett Katherine,
Feller Kathryn,
Klobusnik Ryan,
Song Brian J.,
Cooper Bruce,
Jouni Zeina,
Ferruzzi Mario G.,
Janle Elsa M.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201500224
Subject(s) - chemistry , bioavailability , glucuronidation , anthocyanidins , glucuronide , cyanidin , bilberry , pharmacokinetics , catechin , kaempferol , anthocyanidin , polyphenol , proanthocyanidin , peonidin , quercetin , metabolite , biochemistry , pharmacology , anthocyanin , food science , delphinidin , medicine , antioxidant , enzyme , microsome
Scope The pharmacokinetics, bioavailability, and regional brain distribution of polyphenols from apple‐grape seed extract (AGSE) mixture and bilberry extract were studied after 3 weeks of dosing in weanling pigs. Materials and methods Weanling piglets were treated for 3 weeks with extracts of (AGSE) or bilberry extracts, using a physiological (27.5 mg/kg) or supplement (82.5 mg/kg) dose. A 24‐h pharmacokinetic study was conducted and brain tissue was harvested. Major flavan‐3‐ol and flavonol metabolites including catechin‐O‐β‐glucuronide, epicatechin‐O‐β‐glucuronide, 3′O‐methyl‐catechin‐O‐β‐glucuronide, 3′O‐methyl‐epicatechin‐O‐β‐glucuronide, quercetin‐O‐β‐glucuronide, and O‐methyl‐quercetin‐O‐β‐glucuronide were analyzed in plasma, urine, and regional brain extracts from AGSE groups. Anthocyanidin‐O‐galactosides and O‐glucosides of delphinidin (Del), cyanidin (Cyn), petunidin (Pet), peonidin (Peo), and malvidin (Mal) were analyzed in plasma, urine, and brain extracts from bilberry groups. Conclusion Significant plasma dose‐dependence was observed in flavan‐3‐ol metabolites of the AGSE group and in Mal, Del and Cyn galactosides and Pet, Peo, and Cyn glucosides of the bilberry groups. In the brain, a significant dose dependence was found in the cerebellum and frontal cortex in all major flavan‐3‐ol metabolites. All anthocyanidin glycosides, except for delphinidin, showed a dose‐dependent increase in the cerebellum.