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Incorporation of eicosapentaenioic and docosahexaenoic acids into breast adipose tissue of women at high risk of breast cancer: A randomized clinical trial of dietary fish and n‐3 fatty acid capsules
Author(s) -
Straka Shana,
Lester Joanne L.,
Cole Rachel M.,
Andridge Rebecca R.,
Puchala Sarah,
Rose Angela M.,
Clinton Steven K.,
Belury Martha A.,
Yee Lisa D.
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201500161
Subject(s) - docosahexaenoic acid , eicosapentaenoic acid , adipose tissue , polyunsaturated fatty acid , breast cancer , fish oil , medicine , endocrinology , fatty acid , cancer , biology , biochemistry , fish <actinopterygii> , fishery
Scope The fatty acid profile of dietary lipids is reflected in mammary adipose tissue and may influence mammary gland biology and cancer risk. To determine the effects of fish consumption on breast adipose tissue fatty acids, we conducted a study of fish versus n‐3 PUFA supplements in women at increased risk of breast cancer. Methods and results High risk women were randomized to comparable doses of marine n‐3 PUFAs as canned salmon + albacore or capsules for 3 months. Pre‐ and posttreatment fatty acid profiles were obtained by GC. Dietary fish ( n = 12) and n‐3 PUFA capsules ( n = 13) yielded increased eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in plasma ( p < 0.0001), erythrocyte membranes ( p < 0.0001), and breast fat ( p < 0.01) at 3 months. Women taking capsules had higher plasma and erythrocyte membrane EPA changes (∼four versus twofold, p = 0.002), without significant differences in DHA. Increases in breast adipose EPA, DHA were similar for both groups. Higher BMI correlated with smaller changes in plasma, erythrocyte membrane EPA, and breast adipose EPA, DHA. Adherence was excellent at 93.9% overall and higher in the fish arm ( p = 0.01). Conclusion Fish provides an excellent source of n‐3 PUFAs that increases breast adipose EPA, DHA similar to supplements and represents a well‐tolerated intervention for future studies of the impact of n‐3 PUFAs and dietary patterns on breast cancer.