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The effect of plant sterols and different low doses of omega‐3 fatty acids from fish oil on lipoprotein subclasses
Author(s) -
Jacobs Doris M.,
Mihaleva Velitchka V.,
Schalkwijk Daniël B.,
Graaf Albert A.,
Vervoort Jacques,
Dorsten Ferdinand A.,
Ras Rouyanne T.,
Demonty Isabelle,
Trautwein Elke A.,
Duynhoven John
Publication year - 2015
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201500152
Subject(s) - docosahexaenoic acid , eicosapentaenoic acid , fish oil , very low density lipoprotein , chemistry , lipoprotein , blood lipids , cholesterol , endocrinology , food science , medicine , fatty acid , polyunsaturated fatty acid , biochemistry , biology , fish <actinopterygii> , fishery
Scope Consumption of a low‐fat spread enriched with plant sterols (PS) and different low doses (<2 g/day) of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) from fish oil reduces serum triglycerides (TGs) and low‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol (LDL‐Chol) and thus beneficially affects two blood lipid risk factors. Yet, their combined effects on TG and Chol in various lipoprotein subclasses have been investigated to a limited extent. Methods and results In a randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, parallel study, we determined TG and Chol in 13 LP subclasses in fasting serum of 282 hypercholesterolemic subjects, who consumed either a placebo spread or one of the four spreads containing PS (2.5 g/day) and EPA+DHA (0.0, 0.9, 1.3, and 1.8 g/day) for 4 weeks. After PS treatment, total LDL‐Chol was reduced, which was not further changed by EPA+DHA. No shift in the LDL‐Chol particle distribution was observed. The addition of EPA+DHA to PS dose‐dependently reduced VLDL‐Chol and VLDL‐TG mainly in larger particles. Furthermore, the two highest doses of EPA+DHA increased Chol and TG in the larger HDL particles, while these concentrations were decreased in the smallest HDL particles. Conclusion The consumption of a low‐fat spread enriched with both PS and EPA+DHA induced shifts in the lipoprotein distribution that may provide additional cardiovascular benefits over PS consumption alone.