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Determination of mycotoxin exposure in Germany using an LC‐MS/MS multibiomarker approach
Author(s) -
Gerding Johannes,
Cramer Benedikt,
Humpf HansUlrich
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201400406
Subject(s) - zearalenone , ochratoxin a , mycotoxin , aflatoxin , fumonisin , chemistry , food science , population , glucuronide , zeranol , fumonisin b1 , urine , medicine , biochemistry , environmental health
Scope In this study, the exposure of a German population ( n = 101) to mycotoxins was assessed using an LC‐MS/MS urinary multibiomarker approach. Food consumption of the participants was documented with a food frequency questionnaire to correlate mycotoxin exposure with individual nutritional habits. Methods and results The presence of 23 urinary biomarkers including trichothecenes (deoxynivalenol (DON), DON‐3‐glucuronide (DON‐3‐GlcA), T‐2 toxin, HT‐2 toxin (HT‐2, HT‐2‐toxin‐4‐glucuronide (HT‐2‐GlcA), fumonisins (fumonisin B 1, fumonisin B 2 ), aflatoxins (aflatoxin B 1 , aflatoxin G 2 , aflatoxin B 2 , aflatoxin M 1 ), zearalenone and derivatives (zearalanone, α‐zearalenol, β‐zearalenol, zearalenone‐14‐O‐glucuronide, zearalanone‐14‐O‐glucuronide, α‐zearalenol‐14‐O‐glucuronide/β‐zearalenol‐14‐O‐glucuronide), ochratoxin A, ochratoxin alpha, enniatin B and dihydrocitrinone was evaluated using a validated, sensitive “dilute and shoot”‐LC‐MS/MS method applying Scheduled MRM TM technology. Six mycotoxins and urinary metabolites were detected (DON, DON‐3‐GlcA, zearalenone‐14‐O‐glucuronide, T‐2 toxin, enniatin B, and dihydrocitrinone) in 87% of the samples in single‐ or co‐occurence. Only DON and DON‐3‐GlcA were detectable in quantifiable amounts. A provisional mean daily intake of 0.52 μg DON/kg body weight was calculated. No statistical evidence for the correlation of staple food intake and urinary biomarker concentration could be determined. Conclusion The results of this study suggest a low everyday exposure of the investigated German population to mycotoxins, but reveal peak exposures above the widely accepted tolerable daily intake to DON in parts of the population.