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Targeting mitochondrial alterations to prevent type 2 diabetes— E vidence from studies of dietary redox‐active compounds
Author(s) -
Cheng Zhiyong,
Schmelz Eva M.,
Liu Dongmin,
Hulver Matthew W.
Publication year - 2014
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201300747
Subject(s) - mitochondrial biogenesis , oxidative stress , reactive oxygen species , mitochondrion , mitochondrial ros , pyrroloquinoline quinone , redox , biochemistry , beta oxidation , oxidative phosphorylation , chemistry , biology , microbiology and biotechnology , metabolism , enzyme , cofactor , organic chemistry
As a growing epidemic, type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T 2 DM ) has significantly affected the individual's quality of life and economy of the society. Understanding the mechanisms of the disease and discovery of new therapeutic options has become more urgent than ever before. Mitochondrial alterations (e.g. functional alterations, and impaired biogenesis and dynamics) are strongly associated with the development of T 2 DM . Accumulation of reactive oxygen species or intermediates of incomplete fatty acid oxidation due to mitochondrial deficiency activates stress kinases and dampens insulin signaling. Redox‐active compounds such as resveratrol, pyrroloquinoline quinone, and hydroxytyrosol can potently counteract reactive oxygen species, and improve mitochondrial function and biogenesis. Therefore, targeting the mitochondrial alterations with these redox‐active compounds may lead to new therapeutic or preventive options for T 2 DM . In this article, we review the molecular mechanisms of mitochondrial alterations in T 2 DM , and the action of redox‐active compounds to reverse mitochondrial changes and oxidative stress in T 2 DM . In addition, the current challenges and future directions are discussed and prospected.