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Dicaffeoylquinic acids in Yerba mate ( Ilex paraguariensis St. Hilaire) inhibit NF‐κB nucleus translocation in macrophages and induce apoptosis by activating caspases‐8 and ‐3 in human colon cancer cells
Author(s) -
Puangpraphant Sirima,
Berhow Mark A.,
Vermillion Karl,
Potts Greg,
Gonzalez de Mejia Elvira
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201100128
Subject(s) - apoptosis , nitric oxide , chemistry , caspase , in vitro , caco 2 , inflammation , biochemistry , cancer cell , prostaglandin e2 , microbiology and biotechnology , biology , programmed cell death , cancer , immunology , endocrinology , genetics , organic chemistry
Scope : The biological functions of caffeoylquinic acid (CQA) derivatives from various plant sources have been partially elucidated. The objectives were to isolate and purify diCQAs from Yerba mate tea leaves and assess their anti‐inflammatory and anti‐cancer capabilities in vitro and explore their mechanism of action. Methods and results : Methanol extracts of dried mate leaves were resolved by flash chromatography and further purified resulting in two fractions one containing 3,4‐ and 3,5‐diCQAs and the other 4,5‐diCQA with NMR‐confirmed structures. Both fractions inhibited LPS‐induced RAW 264.7 macrophage inflammation by suppressing nitric oxide/inducible nitric oxide and prostaglandin E 2 /cyclooxygenase‐2 pathways through inhibiting nucleus translocation of Nuclear factor κB subunits, p50 and p65. The diCQA fractions inhibited Human colon cancer cells CRL‐2577 (RKO) and HT‐29 cell proliferation by inducing apoptosis in a time‐ and concentration‐dependent manner, but did not affect the protein levels of p21, p27, p53, and Bax:Bcl‐2 ratio in RKO cells. In HT‐29 cells, however, the diCQA fractions increased Bax:Bcl‐2 ratio. The diCQA fractions increased the activation of caspase‐8 leading to cleavage of caspase‐3 in both RKO and HT‐29 colon cancer cells. Conclusion : The results suggest that diCQAs in Yerba mate could be potential anti‐cancer agents and could mitigate other diseases also associated with inflammation.