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Phytosterols can impair vitamin D intestinal absorption in vitro and in mice
Author(s) -
Goncalves Aurélie,
Gleize Béatrice,
Bott Romain,
Nowicki Marion,
Amiot MarieJosèphe,
Lairon Denis,
Borel Patrick,
Reboul Emmanuelle
Publication year - 2011
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201100055
Subject(s) - cholecalciferol , vitamin d and neurology , bioavailability , medicine , endocrinology , chemistry , absorption (acoustics) , phytosterol , vitamin , biochemistry , biology , pharmacology , physics , acoustics
Scope : Adequate vitamin D status is necessary and beneficial for health, although deficiency and insufficiency are very common. As cholecalciferol (vitamin D 3 ) structure is close to cholesterol structure, we hypothesized that phytosterols, frequently used to decrease cholesterol, intestinal absorption and consequently to reduce hypercholesterolemia, may also interact with cholecalciferol absorption. Methods and results : β‐Sitosterol effect on cholecalciferol postprandial response was first assessed in mice. We then evaluated the effect of different sterols on (i) cholecalciferol micellar incorporation, (ii) cholecalciferol apical uptake and (iii) basolateral efflux in vitro or ex vivo. In mice, cholecalciferol bioavailability was 15‐fold lower in the presence of β‐sitosterol ( p <0.05). This can partly be explained by the fact that phytosterols significantly impaired cholecalciferol incorporation into mixed micelles (from −16 to −36% depending on sterol micellar composition). This can also be due to the fact that in Caco‐2 cells and mouse intestinal explants, phytosterols significantly lowered cholecalciferol apical uptake (from −13 to −39%). Conversely, phytosterols had no effect on cholecalciferol secretion at the basolateral side of Caco‐2 cells. Conclusion : The present data suggest for the first time that phytosterols can interact with vitamin D 3 intestinal absorption. This interaction can be explained by a competition for micellar incorporation and for apical uptake.