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Anti‐invasion effects of 6‐shogaol and 6‐gingerol, two active components in ginger, on human hepatocarcinoma cells
Author(s) -
Weng ChiaJui,
Wu ChengFeng,
Huang HsiaoWen,
Ho ChiTang,
Yen GowChin
Publication year - 2010
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.201000108
Subject(s) - plasminogen activator , chemistry , matrix metalloproteinase , incubation , pharmacology , microbiology and biotechnology , biochemistry , biology , endocrinology
Abstract Scope: Hepatocellular carcinoma is the most common type of liver cancer and is highly metastatic. Metastasis is considered to be the major cause of death in cancer patients. Ginger is a natural dietary rhizome with anti‐oxidative, anti‐inflammatory, and anti‐carcinogenic activities. The aims of this study were to evaluate the anti‐invasion activity of 6‐shogaol and 6‐gingerol, two compounds found in ginger, on hepatoma cells. Methods and results: The migratory and invasive abilities of phorbol 12‐myristate 13‐acetate (PMA)‐treated HepG2 and PMA‐untreated Hep3B cells were both reduced in a dose‐dependent manner by treatment with 6‐shogaol and 6‐gingerol. Upon incubation of PMA‐treated HepG2 cells and PMA‐untreated Hep3B cells with 6‐shogaol and 6‐gingerol, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‐9 activity decreased, whereas the expression of tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase protein (TIMP)‐1 increased in both cell types. Additionally, urokinase‐type plasminogen activator activity was dose‐dependently decreased in Hep3B cells after incubation with 6‐shogaol for 24 h. Analysis with semi‐quantitative reverse transcription‐PCR showed that the regulation of MMP‐9 by 6‐shogaol and 6‐gingerol and the regulation of TIMP‐1 by 6‐shogaol in Hep3B cells may on the transcriptional level. Conclusions: These results suggest that 6‐shogaol and 6‐gingerol might both exert anti‐invasive activity against hepatoma cells through regulation of MMP‐9 and TIMP‐1 and that 6‐shogaol could further regulate urokinase‐type plasminogen activity.