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Temporal trends of polybrominated diphenyl ethers and hexabromocyclododecane in milk from Stockholm mothers, 1980–2004
Author(s) -
Fängström Britta,
Athanassiadis Ioannis,
Odsjö Tjelvar,
Norén Koidu,
Bergman Åke
Publication year - 2008
Publication title -
molecular nutrition and food research
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 1.495
H-Index - 131
eISSN - 1613-4133
pISSN - 1613-4125
DOI - 10.1002/mnfr.200700182
Subject(s) - hexabromocyclododecane , polybrominated diphenyl ethers , congener , tetrabromobisphenol a , environmental chemistry , human blood , chemistry , brominated flame retardant , bromine , polybrominated biphenyls , bioaccumulation , fire retardant , decabromodiphenyl ether , diphenyl ether , persistent organic pollutant , toxicology , pollutant , physiology , biology , organic chemistry
Environmental and human exposures to brominated flame retardants (BFR) have been of emerging concern since some BFR are persistent and bioaccumulative compounds. Among those, polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) have frequently been reported in low to high ng/g concentrations in human blood around the world while hexabromocyclododecane (HBCDD) only occasionally has been reported and then in the low ppb concentrations in human blood. The present study concerns PBDE congener and HBCDD concentrations in human milk from Stockholm from 1980 to 2004. HBCDD concentrations has increased four to five times since 1980 until 2002 but seems to have stabilized at this concentration in the last years (2003/04). Similarly, BDE‐153 has continued to increase at least to 2001, after which it has stabilized in the mother's milk. Other PBDE congeners with four to five bromine substituents peaked 5 years earlier (1995) and are all decreasing. DecaBDE (BDE‐209) is not a suitable biomarker for time trend studies according to the present results, showing no changes over time. This is likely due to its short apparent half‐life in humans and poor transfer from blood to milk.