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Differential‐to‐single‐ended crossover based on dumbbell‐shaped defected ground resonators for dual‐band applications
Author(s) -
Shahi Hamed,
Mazloum Jalil,
Bayat Meysam
Publication year - 2021
Publication title -
international journal of rf and microwave computer‐aided engineering
Language(s) - English
Resource type - Journals
SCImago Journal Rank - 0.335
H-Index - 39
eISSN - 1099-047X
pISSN - 1096-4290
DOI - 10.1002/mmce.22666
Subject(s) - dumbbell , resonator , crossover , differential (mechanical device) , electrical impedance , multi band device , electric power transmission , transmission (telecommunications) , physics , optoelectronics , telecommunications , engineering , electrical engineering , computer science , medicine , artificial intelligence , antenna (radio) , thermodynamics , physical therapy
This article presents a novel differential‐to‐single‐ended (DS) crossover by using two rings included of controllable frequency ratio of composite right‐ and left‐handed (CRLH) transmission lines for dual‐band applications. To reject the out‐of‐band differential‐mode transmission coefficient, two dumbbell‐shaped defected ground resonators (DGRs) are utilized over the differential transmission lines. Theoretical analysis proves that the frequency ratio can be controlled by choosing the number of designing CRLH cells and the parameter values appropriately. Also, desired electrical lengths and impedances of DGRs were obtained at the bandstop notch of differential‐mode transmission coefficient by conducting common‐ and differential‐mode analysis of lumped element equivalent circuit. To validate the proposed structure, two fabricated prototypes including the DS crossover designing at 1.8 and 4.2 GHz and separate differential lines with embedded DGRs were fabricated and measured. Measurement mixed‐mode results exhibit that the fabricated crossover has great results at both frequency bands and has a good out‐of‐band differential insertion loss rejection.